Why the Bashkir beauty apple tree became the most popular in the middle lane

The Bashkir beauty apple tree, unpretentious in care, frost-resistant, occupies a worthy place in the list of fruit plants adapted for growing in central Russia. The variety is included in the State Register, it is used for domestic and industrial breeding, selection work.

Where does the apple tree grow Bashkir beauty: origin

The history of the variety is amazing and claims to be a local legend. A magnificent garden in an estate on the banks of the Belaya River on Maiden Mountain (now the village of Kushnarenkovo, Bashkortostan) at the beginning of the 19th century. smashed by Sergei Evgenievich Topornin. It is not known what kind of trees the retired captain planted and where he took the planting material.

But since the days of the estate and the garden fell into decay. The new owner, merchant I. M. Gribushin, undertook to restore them. For this, the keen gardener in 1866 bought up to 300 seedlings from the villagers. At exactly what moment the beautiful apple trees appeared here, history is silent. Perhaps this is the result of the selection work of the last owner, or the trees have long been growing in local gardens.

But they were discovered and described in 1928 by VP Strelyaev and RI Bolotina - employees of the Bashnarkomzem station, which was located on the site of the estate after the revolution. Later, the pomology center became a large breeding center in the Urals. Today it is the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. It was these scientists who gave the name to the Bashkir handsome apple variety. But among the people, the female version has taken root more, more consonant with the name of the tree.

It has been on state testing since 1938. In 1947, it was included in the state register by region:

• Northwest - Volgograd region;
• Srednevolzhsky - Tatarstan;
• Uralsky - Bashkortostan, Orenburg region.

But you can find these apple trees in the households of the Moscow, Samara, Vologda regions, the Republic of Mari El., And other regions of the middle zone.

On the territory of Bashkortostan, the Bashkirskaya krasavitsa apple tree occupies over 25% of apple plantations.

Main characteristics

The main advantage of the Bashkir beauty apple tree is its high frost resistance. The tree survives or quickly recovers even after cold winter temperatures down to -35–38 ° C, and the flowers retain their fruitfulness during recurrent spring frosts.

Table 1. Tree characteristics

In the middle lane, flowering begins at the end of May, the fruits ripen by the end of August, with a cold summer - in September. Due to the dense peel, apples are not injured during transportation, they are stored under conditions for up to 130 days.

Table 2. Properties of fruits

The apple tree yield is high even in comparison with modern varieties. At the beginning of fruiting, it produces 50-60 kg of fruit. Over time, the figure increases to 70-120 kg. On an industrial scale, they remove up to 140–257 c / ha.

According to the Gossort catalog, the Bashkir beauty is a partially self-fertile tree. For cross-pollination and improving the characteristics of fruits and yields, the varieties Seanets Titovki and Antonovka are used.

Apples have a high nutritional value, per 100 g:

• P-active substances - 127 mg;
• vitamin C - 11.5 mg;
• fructose –12.2%;
• acids - 0.52%.

The fruits are universal in terms of application. Suitable for preparation of blanks, storage, baby food. According to the tasting marks, she scored 4.5-4.6 points out of 5.

Growing features

To get a high yield from the Bashkir beauty apple tree, proper planting and care are important.

Despite the unpretentiousness to the place of growth, the tree does not like:

1. Depleted soil - to avoid crushing the fruit, it is often fertilized later.
2. Wetlands - Provide drainage.
3. Skoznyakov - arrange barrage screens using plantings hedges, other trees.
4. The proximity of groundwater - prevents the formation of powerful roots.

Planting is carried out in early spring, since the autumn apple tree does not have time to take root and does not tolerate winter well.

Seedlings are placed at a distance of 4 m. For planting:

• prepare a pit with a diameter of 70-80 cm, a depth of 60 cm;
• add a mixture of soil and sulfate (55 g) to the bottom, superphosphate (70 g) potassium;
• place the seedling so that the root collar is 5-7 cm above the surface;
• cover the roots with soil, not crushing;
• poured with water at room temperature.

When subsiding, soil is added later. To protect a fragile tree from the wind, it is tied to a support.

The supplied nutrients will be depleted in a year, so in the future:

• in the spring, a urea solution is introduced - 2 tbsp. l. for 10 liters of water;
• at the beginning of summer - complex fertilizers;
• in the fall - potassium-phosphorus preparations (350 g each).

In the future, at the beginning of fruiting, the apple tree is fed 4 times a year, previously watered with water. The complex of care also includes regular weed removal and soil loosening.

To form a crown for 2 years, pruning is carried out. 5 main branches are left, which are located at a distance of 30 cm. The stem should be higher than the rest of the processes. In the future, dried, sick, excess shoots are removed annually. If desired, the branches that grow upward are shortened to provide access to harvesting.

The tree is resistant to drought, but still requires regular watering, since with a lack of moisture, premature shedding of fruits is observed. Adult apple trees are watered monthly, in the absence of rain, the frequency is doubled.

Resistance to conditions, pests, diseases

According to the descriptions and photos of gardeners, the Bashkir beauty apple tree sometimes suffers from severe frosts. But mostly young shoots are damaged. The tree quickly recovers and already yields a harvest in the same year.

Due to frost resistance, it does not need additional shelter for the winter period, but for safety reasons it is advised to overlay the trunk with spruce branches or wrap it with insulation.

To protect against winter and spring burns, the trunk is whitewashed with lime mortar, which will also scare off rodents.

The variety is considered to be relatively resistant to pests. The apple moth is a great danger to giving birth.

To combat it, apply, according to the instructions:

• "Kemifos";
• "Fastak";
• "Outright".

Weakly susceptible to fungal diseases. Sometimes they occur with scab or black leg lesions. In this case, they resort to spraying with insecticides: "Skor", "Antracol", "Topsin".

Subspecies and reproduction

The ideal characteristics of the apple tree Bashkir beauty are used by breeders to improve the variety. So, subspecies were bred:

1. Autumnal - crossing with Welsey. Fruits later, the fruits are larger, the tree is not tall.
2. Early - grafted onto a dwarf stock. Ripens in early August, compact crown.

At home, the variety can be propagated by cuttings, digging up branches, root shoots.

Apple tree blossoms Bashkir beauty - video